The description of rocks has fallen very much into the hands of lovers of analysis and classification, and attention has been diverted, even among geologists, from their fundamental importance as parts of the earth's crust. The geographer or the general traveller may often wish for closer acquaintance with the units that build up the scenery around him. The characters of rocks again and again control the features of the landscape. When studied more nearly, these same characters imply conditions of deposition or solidification, and lead the mind back to still older landscapes, and to the meeting of oceans and continents on long-forgotten shores. Petrology, indeed, involves the understanding of how rocks "come to be where we find them when we try"; but the classification of hand-specimens was from the first easier than field-investigation, and in later times the science was threatened with the description of isolated microscopic slides.

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